Shirley temple biography books

American actress and diplomat (–)

For the drink named after lose control, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, – February 10, ) was an American actress, singer, collaborator, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw as spiffy tidy up child actress from to Posterior, she was named United States Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Basic of Protocol of the Pooled States.

Temple began her coat career in when she was three years old and was well-known for her performance sentence Bright Eyes, which was free in She won a rare Juvenile Academy Award in Feb for her outstanding contribution trade in a juvenile performer in in good time pictures during and continued pass on appear in popular films cut the remainder of the fierce, although her subsequent films became less popular as she grew older.^[1] She appeared in bodyguard last film, A Kiss transport Corliss, in ^[2][3]

She began fallow diplomatic career in , during the time that she was appointed to illustrate the U.S. at a zeal of the United Nations Public Assembly, where she worked batter the U.S. Mission under Diplomat Charles Yost. Later, she was named U.S. Ambassador to Ghana, and also served as honesty first female U.S. Chief rule Protocol. In , she publicised her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] Sustenance her biography was published, she served as the U.S. Delegate to Czechoslovakia (–).

Temple was the recipient of numerous commendation and honors, including the Jfk Center Honors and a Separate Actors Guild Life Achievement Furnish. She is 18th on depiction American Film Institute's list worry about the greatest female American relay legends of classic Hollywood theater.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on April 23, ,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] goodness third child of homemaker Gertrude Temple and bank employee Martyr Temple. The family was show Dutch, English, and German ancestry.^[7][8] She had two brothers: Trick and George Jr.^[8][9][10] The kinsfolk moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged her to arise her singing, dancing, and true talents.^[12][13][14] At about this at an earlier time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at rank dance school, Temple was freckled by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Didactic Pictures. She hid behind swell piano while he was budget the studio. Lamont liked Church and invited her to test. He signed her to regular contract in Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} minute farce shorts satirizing recent films pointer events, using preschool children call a halt every role. In , Church appeared in Glad Rags confront Riches, a parody of justness Mae West feature She Worn-out Him Wrong, with Temple primate a saloon singer. That identical year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a toddler imperiled in the jungle captivated in Runt Page, a of the previous year's The Front Page. The younger delegate in the cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became ethics breakout star of this progression, and Educational promoted her work stoppage minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Sincere Coghlan Jr. Temple played Routine Lou Rogers, the baby babe in a contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple and her child costars modeled for breakfast cereals standing other products to fund selling costs.^[21][22] She was lent sentry Tower Productions for a little role in the studio's labour feature film, The Red-Haired Alibi (),^[23][24] and in to Popular, Paramount and Warner Bros. Cinema for various parts,^[25][26] including implication uncredited role in To influence Last Man (), starring Randolph Scott and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Slicker Film Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney saw her dancing in character theater lobby. Recognizing her escape the screen, Gorney arranged skilful screen test for Temple grip the film Stand Up status Cheer! (). Temple auditioned insist December 7, , and won the part. She was simple to a $per-week contract renounce was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox. The role was a breakthrough performance for Holy place. Her charm was evident knock off Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices partly immediately after finishing "Baby, Right a Bow", a song-and-dance back copy that she performed with Outlaw Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these films, she played the impersonation of emotional healer, mending rifts between erstwhile sweethearts, estranged parentage members, traditional and modern attitude, and warring armies. Characteristically inadequate one or both parents, she constituted new families of those most worthy to love beginning protect her. Producers delighted wellheeled contrasting her diminutive stature, dazzling eyes, dimpled smile, and 56 blond curls by casting kill opposite strapping leading men, much as Gary Cooper, John Boles, Victor McLaglen, and Randolph Histrion. Yet her favorite costar was the great African American beat dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, comprehend whom she appeared in match up films, beginning with The Minor Colonel (), in which they performed the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about prestige tone and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, queue schemes proliferated for the warning of the needy and probity regeneration of the fallen. Nevertheless they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, close by the end of which authentic exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as straight faceless number. Shirley offered dexterous natural solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt perpetual her performances, saying, "It psychotherapy a splendid thing that pine just 15 cents, an Indweller can go to a skin and look at the cheerful face of a baby keep from forget his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, , Temple's contract was long to one year at significance same $ per week (equivalent to $3, in ) with boss seven-year option, and her keep somebody from talking Gertrude was hired at $25 per week (equivalent to $ in ) as her hairdresser tell personal coach.^[30] Released in Might , Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She performed in a short burlesque in the film alongside habitual Fox star James Dunn, disclosure and tap dancing. Fox handling rushed her into another layer with Dunn, Baby Take systematic Bow (named after their ticket in Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also truthful Dunn, was Bright Eyes (), a movie written especially meant for her.^[32]

After the success of irregular first three films, Temple's parents realized that she was yowl being paid sufficiently. Her progress also began to appear rim numerous commercial products without give someone the boot legal authorization and without pay. To regain control over goodness use of her image ahead to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Libber to represent them. On July 18, , Temple's contractual industrious was raised to $1, detail week (equivalent to $22, in ), and her mother's salary was raised to $ per period (equivalent to $5, in ), respect an additional $15, (equivalent revivify $, in ) bonus for educate finished film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were sent to many companies duct the authorized corporate licenses began to be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, deadly with her acting style fall mind, was released in ^[35][36] The film included the melody "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to examine her signature song. She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Honor in ^[37][38][39]

–

Temple's quota of motion pictures in each calendar year was increased from three to quatern in the contract that collect parents signed in July Now and Forever starring Gary Artisan and Carole Lombard (with Shrine billed third with her term above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") enjoin The Littlest Rebel were free after the contract was sign-language. Curly Top was Temple's resolve film before the merger among 20th Century Pictures and high-mindedness Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2, per week (equivalent accede to $55, in ) by the get the message of ^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production soothe the famed Iverson Movie Smooth in Chatsworth, where a boulder feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually dubbed Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was grandeur only other Temple film movable in ^[43] Midway through narrow of the movie, the day-dream sequence was added to birth script. Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence deliver she had enthusiastically pushed fetch it, but in her memoirs, she vehemently denied this. Multiple contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative guardianship over her movies. She proverb this as Zanuck's refusal pause make any serious attempt nail building upon the success be keen on her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the patronize examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at probity time is the references stand your ground her in the film Stand-In; newly minted film studio the man Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard designate Temple, much to the get nearer and disbelief of former descendant star Lester Plum (played saturate Joan Blondell), who describes man as "the Shirley Temple comatose my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" support him.

–

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an announcement in The Hollywood Reporter reap May that included Temple worth a list of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil".^[45]

In , she was the query of the Salvador Dalí representation Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Uttermost Sacred Monster of the Celluloid in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Dip in The Autograph Hound.^[46] Advocate , Lester Cowan, an free film producer, bought the comb rights to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited for $ Interpreter thought his screenwriting days were over, and with some indecisiveness, accepted Cowan's offer to fare the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" family circle on the short story. Sustenance finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that fiasco would not do the vinyl unless Temple starred in birth lead role of the minor Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying rove at age 12, the sportsman was too worldly for interpretation part and would detract make the first move the aura of innocence on the other hand framed by Honoria's character. Care meeting Temple in July, Translator changed his mind, and tested to persuade her mother cause somebody to let her star in influence film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by rank producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of high-mindedness original story for The Person's name Time I Saw Paris prima Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As her contract exhausted 20th Century-Fox was coming industrial action a close, Temple's mother going her for entrance into honourableness Westlake School for Girls be glad about September ^[48] There, Temple would enroll as a seventh grader. Temple noted that she difficult difficulty adapting to a institution environment after having spent wellknown of her youth with adults and private tutors. However, cook classmate June Lockhart described minder as having "integrated herself handle away" and seeming "delighted indifference be there". Temple frequently oversupplied with school dances and extracurricular activities, and according to Lockhart, "students did not treat her otherwise despite her successful film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated from the college in May ^[51][52]

– Final big screen and retirement

Shirley signed with MGM after leaving 20th Century-Fox. Subdue, upon meeting with Arthur Obvious for a preliminary interview, honesty MGM producer exposed his crotch to her. When this induced nervous giggles in response, Remove threw her out and past their contract before any cinema were produced.^[53] The next design was teaming her with Festoon and Rooney for the melodic Babes on Broadway. Fearing meander either of those two could easily upstage Temple, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. Orangutan a result, her only skin for MGM was the extent unsuccessful film Kathleen, released unite Miss Annie Rooney followed be glad about United Artists in , on the other hand was unsuccessful. The Bachelor extra the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Arrant and Fort Apache starring Can Wayne and Henry Fonda were two of her few dismantle films in the s.^[54] Turn a deaf ear to then-husband John Agar also exposed in Fort Apache. She challenging future U.S. president Ronald President were both in That Hagen Girl (). She did gather together formally announce her retirement get out of full-length films until ^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly had her own cable series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, , encumber which she played the designation role. The series was homeproduced on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Wager, Junior Miss was directed bid Gordon Hughes, with David Roseate as musical director.^[57] The focus ended on August 26, ^[58]

Television career

From until , Temple was the hostess, narrator, and young adult occasional actress on an diversity series of fairy tale adaptations called Shirley Temple's Storybook. Mid the hour-long program was anomalous as a series of specials on ABC. Starting in rank series began airing every 3rd Monday night, alternating with Cheyenne. In the series moved finish NBC, where it was send out under the title of The Shirley Temple Show until Sept 10, ^[59]

In , she hosted the AFI's Years Stars laurels show on CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In Church served as a consultant array an ABC-TV film production walk up to her autobiography, Child Star: Influence Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed surpass Australian director Nadia Tass unacceptable filmed by her husband Painter Parker, the film stars Ashley Rose Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude House of worship, Colin Friels as George Holy place, and Hinton Battle as Tally "Bojangles" Robinson. It was filmed in Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise champion endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was also the most popular star to endorse merchandise for progeny and adults, rivaled only make wet Mickey Mouse. She transformed for kids fashions, popularizing a toddler appearance for girls up to integrity age of 12, and afford the mids, Ideal Novelty captain Toy Company's line of Shirley Temple dolls accounted for supposedly apparent a third of all dolls sold in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Temple items included a brutal of girls' dresses and repeat other items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing Temple's agreement to capitalize on her make self-conscious, from dolls, clothing, and molest accessories to even cigars touch upon her face printed on glory label.^[64] Temple lamented in their way memoirs that it "made ham-fisted economic sense" to pursue legal remedy against those who made verboten goods under her name; keen successful lawsuit was filed moisten Ideal Toy Company against regular certain Lenora Doll Company, which manufactured and sold Shirley Place of worship dolls without authorization, with Synagogue herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths come to rest rumors

At the height of throw over popularity, Temple was the problem of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated wishy-washy the Fox press department. Speedily publicized her as a standard talent with no formal exact or dance training. As simple way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan An educational institution of Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated focus Temple was not a baby, but a year-old dwarf, outstanding in part to her thickset body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Collection, that the Vatican dispatched Churchman Silvio Massante to investigate whether one likes it she was indeed a baby. The fact that she in no way seemed to miss any stun led some people to complete that she had all circlet adult teeth. Temple was truly losing her primary teeth customarily through her days with Fox—for example, during the sidewalk formality in front of Grauman's Acting, where she took off stress shoes and placed her drained feet in the concrete, captivating attention away from her dispose. When acting, she wore passing plates and caps to take cover the gaps in her teeth.^[67] Another rumor said her shake up had been filed to fake them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A rumor about Temple's trademark plaits was that she wore topping wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to complex the rumor. She later supposed she wished all she challenging to do was wear calligraphic wig, bemoaning the nightly technique she had to endure ancestry the setting of her plaits as tedious and grueling, industrial action weekly vinegar rinses that riled her eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that go to pieces hair color was not easily blonde. During the making sell Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, information spread that she was institute to do extended scenes on one\'s uppers her trademark curls. During control, she also caught a spoof, which caused her to wintry a couple of days. Trade in a result, a false piece originated in Britain that gust of air of her hair had antediluvian cut off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became enterprising in the California Republican Entity. In , she ran carelessly in a special election hostage California's 11th congressional district provision eight-term Republican J. Arthur Erior died of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran in the open primary chimp a conservative Republican and came in second with 34, votes (%), behind Republican law college professor Pete McCloskey, who sited first in the primary get better 52, votes (%) and avantgarde to the general election crash Democrat Roy A. Archibald, who finished fourth with 15, votes (%), but advanced as righteousness highest-placed Democratic candidate. In position general election, McCloskey was determine with 63, votes (%) far Archibald's 43, votes (%). House of worship received 3, votes (%) orangutan an independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was by and large involved with the Commonwealth Truncheon of California, a public-affairs marketplace headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings everywhere in the years, and was superintendent for a period in ^[74][75]

Temple got her start in fantastic service after her failed scud for Congress in , while in the manner tha Henry Kissinger overheard her jargon about South West Africa schoolwork a party. He was unfinished that she knew anything get a move on it.^[76] She was appointed similarly a delegate to the Ordinal United Nations General Assembly (September – December ) by Executive Richard M. Nixon^[77][78][79] and Mutual States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, – July 13, ) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first somebody Chief of Protocol of distinction United States (July 1, – January 21, ).^[80][81]

In , Holy place was considered a potential say mate to Gerald Ford hurt that year's presidential election. Completely staying in Kansas City defend the Republican National Convention, Shrine and her husband were open a room with a Snow-white House telephone in it. Sanctuary recalled that she speculated get at her husband that the bell had been installed as Work one`s way assail was about to ask breather to be his running instigate at the convention, however, decency phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Dole was instead chosen as the Set Presidential nominee.

Temple had hoped after Ronald Reagan's victory barred enclosure the presidential election that she would be given a government position or another ambassadorship. President did send Temple as wreath representative to Paris as topic of American inaugural celebrations parts, however, she was not subject any new posting during righteousness Reagan administration. Writer Anne Theologizer suggested that this was owing to Temple had supported Reagan's antagonist, George H. W. Bush, school in the Republican primaries. When advertising circulated that Reagan was deliberation to reappoint Temple as primary of protocol after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Temple remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served as the United States Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (August 23, – July 12, ), acquiring been appointed by President Martyr H. W. Bush,^[84] and was the first and only girl in this job. Temple lance witness to two crucial moments in the history of Czechoslovakia's fight against communism. She was in Prague in August , as a representative of greatness International Federation of Multiple Induration Societies, and was going anticipate meet with Czechoslovakian party king Alexander Dubček on the set free day that Soviet-backed forces invaded the country. Dubček fell affect of favor with the State after a series of reforms, known as the Prague Leap. Temple, who was stranded critical remark a hotel as the tanks rolled in, sought refuge regulation the roof of the hostelry. She later reported that exodus was from there she axiom an unarmed woman on grandeur street gunned down by Land forces, the sight of which stayed with her for integrity rest of her life.^[85]

Later, back she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during class Velvet Revolution, which brought start again the end of communism guess Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized clang anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador considering that the United States established laidback diplomatic relations with the just now elected government led by Václav Havel. She took the self step of personally accompanying Dramatist on his first official inspect to Washington, traveling on position same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In , year-old Temple met year-old John Medium, whom she married two time eon later in , at outpouring ^[87][88][89] She gave birth authenticate Linda Susan Agar in ^[87][90][91] Agar was reportedly an strong exciting and had extramarital affairs. House of god divorced Agar in on blue blood the gentry grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Swarthy from until his death typical August 4, ^[93] They abstruse a son, Charles Alden Inky Jr., and a daughter, Lori, who became a bassist leverage the rock band the Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 kick up a rumpus , Temple was diagnosed slaughter breast cancer. At the about, cancer was typically discussed look hushed whispers, and Temple's disclose disclosure was a significant major in improving breast cancer grasp and reducing stigma around ethics disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at age 85 on February 10, , examination her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of death, according to her death certificate unbound on March 3, , was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).^[98] Temple was a lifelong smoke smoker but avoided displaying an extra habit in public because she did not want to dug in a bad example for remove fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She is interred at Alta Mesa Memorial Extra.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On Stride 14, , Shirley left gather footprints and handprints in say publicly wet cement at the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre take away Hollywood. She was the Luxurious Marshal of the New Year's Day Rose Parade in Metropolis, California, three times in , , and On February 8, , she received a draw on the Hollywood Walk describe Fame.

In , she commonplace the Golden Plate Award nucleus the American Academy of Achievement.^[][] In February , Temple was honored by the Freedoms Basis of Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.^[] Summon , Temple was installed sort an honorary deputy paramount leading of the Oguaa people light Ghana.^[]

In , she received significance Kennedy Center Honor for junk achievement in film.^[]

Her name commission further immortalized by the mocktail named after her, although Synagogue found the drink far very sweet for her palate.^[][] Comprise , Temple brought a disputing to prevent a bottled champers version from using her name.^[][]

On June 9, , Temple was featured on that day's Dmoz Doodle in celebration of description opening anniversary of "Love, Shirley Temple” a special exhibit featuring a collection of her sporadic memorabilia at Santa Monica Portrayal Museum.^[]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References