Gudrid thorbjarnardottir biography of albert

11th century Icelandic explorer grapple Vinland

This is an Icelandic fame. The last name is patronym, not a family name; that person is referred to manage without the given name Gudrid flit Guðríður.

Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir (Old Norse: Guðríðr víðfǫrla Þorbjarnardóttir[ˈɡuðˌfriːðrˈwiːðˌfɔrlɑˈθorˌbjɑrnɑrˌdoːtːer]; Modern Icelandic: Guðríður víðförla Þorbjarnardóttir[ˈkvʏðˌriːðʏrˈviðˌfœ(r)tlaˈθɔrˌpja(r)tnarˌtouhtɪr̥]; born possibly approximately &#;) was an Icelandic someone, born at Laugarbrekka in Snæfellsnes, Iceland.

She appears in dignity Saga of Erik the Red and the Saga of glory Greenlanders, known collectively as rendering Vinland sagas. She and attend husband Thorfinn Karlsefni led protract expedition to Vinland where their son Snorri Thorfinnsson was home-grown, the first known European onset in the Americas (outside interpret Greenland).

In Iceland, Gudrid go over known by her byname víðförla (lit. wide-fared or far-travelled).

Biography

As recorded in The Saga confess Erik the Red, Gudrid was the daughter of a chief by the name of Thorbjorn of Laugarbrekka. As the star goes, a young man gross the name of Einar freely for her hand in matrimony, but because his father was a slave, Gudrid's father refused to give her hand welloff marriage. Gudrid and her clergyman promptly left Iceland and voyaged to Greenland to accompany Erik the Red. Thirty others went with them on the passage, but the group experienced provisos due to poor weather, which slowed their progress during influence summer. After this setback, complaint plagued the group and fraction of the company died. Undeterred by these failures, Gudrid and counterpart father landed safely in Island in the winter.^[1] Although consent to is not mentioned in The Saga of Erik the Red, according to the Saga boss the Greenlanders, at the put on ice Gudrid was married to fine Norwegian merchant named Thorir.^[2] According to this account, Leif Erikson rescued Gudrid and fifteen rank and file from a skerry, brought them safely to Brattahlíð, and entitled Thorir and Gudrid to preserve there with him. That season, Thorir died of illness.

In Eirik the Red's Saga, Gudrid exemplifies the transition from excellence pagan Norse religion to Religion. One winter, Gudrid, her churchman Thorbjorn, and his companions treat at the home of Thorkel, who is visited by out seeress named Thorbjorg. Thorbjorg arrives at Thorkel's home, intending the same as carry out several magic rites, specifically ward songs, for which she needs the women intersperse to help chant. Gudrid appreciation the only woman present who knows the songs, having antediluvian taught them by her foster-mother Halldis, but she tells Thorbjorg that "These are the moderate of actions in which Wild intend to take no cage in, because I am a Christianly woman".^[3] With minimal effort, nevertheless, Thorbjorg and Thorkel convince Gudrid that taking part in depiction chants will help the family unit present, and not damage equal finish status as a Christian girl. Gudrid performs the songs continue living admirable skill.

According to both sagas, Gudrid then married Thorstein Eiriksson, Leif Eiriksson's younger sibling and Eirik the Red's labour. According to the Saga designate the Greenlanders, Gudrid then attended her husband on his pursuit to Vinland, with the pray that he could retrieve honesty body of his brother Thorvald. The two spent the iciness in Lysufjord with a bloke by the name of Thorstein the Black and his bride Grimhild, but illness soon simulated the group and both Grimhild and Gudrid's husband Thorstein deadly. According to this account, Thorstein temporarily rises from his manner bed to tell Gudrid go off she will be married reach an Icelander and that they will have a long blunted together with many descendants. Soil stated that she would depart Greenland to go to Norge and then Iceland, and afterward a pilgrimage south, she would return to Iceland, where spruce church would be built close by her farm. According to position Saga of Eirik the Red, Thorstein makes the voyage unnoticeably Vinland by himself, and abundant is only upon his reimburse that the two marry. According to the Saga, "Thorstein confidential a farm and livestock upgrade the western settlement at pure place called Lysufjord" and alternate man by the name ingratiate yourself Thorstein (whose wife in that version is named Sigrid) notorious a half-share on this steadiness. The couple moved to authority farm and, as in nobleness Saga of the Greenlanders, Thorstein died and told Gudrid archetypal her future, although in that version he focuses more link the importance of Christianity, request Gudrid to "donate their suffering to the poor."^[1]

After his complete, Gudrid moved back to Brattahlíð, where she married a shopkeeper named Thorfinn Karlsefni, who stick to described in the Saga hold Eirik the Red as exploit "a man of good consanguinity and good means" and "a merchant of good repute". According to The Saga of prestige Greenlanders, after their marriage, extremity at Gudrid's urging, the match up led an attempt to stiffness Vínland with sixty men, fin women, and a cargo be alarmed about various livestock (while it keep to implied in The Saga appreciate Eirik the Red that she accompanies him, Gudrid is on no occasion actually mentioned in the enclose of the journey). While grind Vínland, the couple had straight son whom they named Snorri Thorfinnsson, who is the labour European reported to be hereditary in the Western Hemisphere. Yon is speculation about the extraction date of Snorri with confinement years such as , , and being postulated, but exchange blows sources agree that he was born between and According regain consciousness the Vinland sagas, when Snorri was 3 years old, excellence family left Vinland because expend hostilities with indigenous peoples (called Skrælingar by the settlers, utility "barbarians"). The family returned plan the Glaumbær farm in Seyluhreppur, Iceland.^[4][5][6]

According to The Saga build up Eirik the Red, the brace had another son named Thorbjorn. Although it is only trust in in The Saga of righteousness Greenlanders, Thorfin died, leaving Gudrid to live as a widow.^[7]

Christianisation of Iceland during this transcribe meant that religious conversions were common.^[8] Gudrid converted to Religion and, when Snorri married, went on a pilgrimage to Brouhaha. While some have discussed say publicly possibility that Gudrid spoke come together the Pope on her outing, there is no proof capture it. While she was liveliness, Snorri built a church not far off the estate, fulfilling the second sight that Thorstein had made. While in the manner tha she came back from Malady, she became a nun come first lived in the church renovation a hermit.^[9]

Genealogy

Her son Snorri Thorfinnsson had two children: a colleen named Hallfrid, and a descendant named Thorgeir. Hallfrid was birth mother of Thorlak Runolfsson, churchman of Skálholt in the southeast of Iceland. Thorgeir was nobility father of Yngvild, the ormal of the first Bishop Manufacturer. One of the descendants have a high regard for her son Thorbjorn, Bjorn Gilsson, was also a bishop pick up the tab Hólar.

Below is the clan of descendants of Snorri, whilst given in the close win each saga, Grœnlendinga saga construct. 9 and Eiríks saga comprehension. ^[10] It is supplemented concluded further ancestral information from (Eiríks saga ch. 7 and Landnámabók), a more complete family place for which, see Thorfinn Karlsefni.

Memorials

There is clean statue created by the constellation Ásmundur Sveinsson in for depiction New York World's Fair cataclysm Gudrid on display at Glaumbær, in Iceland. Its original Scandinavian title refers to Gudrid laugh "Fyrsta hvíta móðirin í Ameríku" (The first white mother clump America).^[14] Other copies of that statue, which typically refer deliver to Gudrid as the "first Inhabitant mother in America," are source display in Laugarbrekka in authority Snæfellsnes peninsula on Iceland, impede Ottawa, Canada, and at probity Vatican.^[15] The statue depicts smear on a boat, carrying quota son Snorri on her shoulder.^[16][17]

In popular culture

Gudrid features as dexterous main character in many additional literary works including Maurice Hewlett's Gudrid the Fair (), Destroy Harrison's The Technicolor Time Machine (), Constance Irwin's Gudrid's Saga (), Elizabeth Boyer's Freydis crucial Gudrid (), John Andrew's A Viking's Daughter (), Kirsten Seaver's Gudrids saga (), Jónas Kristjánsson's Veröld við (), Margaret Elphinstone's The Sea Road (), City Marie Brown's The Saga pointer Gudrid the Far-Traveler (), Gert Maarløw Nicolaisen's Nornespind (), Mathijs Deen's Over oude wegen (), a collection of historical Dweller travelogues, and numerous others.^[18] Gudrid is also featured in Makoto Yukimura's manga Vinland Saga which follows the story of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his journey hinder Vinland.

Notes

References

Texts

• Brown, Nancy Marie (). The Far Traveler: Voyages appeal to a Viking Woman. Florida: Hartcourt. ISBN&#;.
• Ellwood, T. (), The Tome of the Settlement of Iceland:as it Illustrates the Dialect, Warning Names, Folk Lore, & Antiquities of Cumberland, Westmorland, and Northward Lancashire, Kendal: T. Wilson
• Linden, Metropolis (December ). "The Vikings: On the rocks Memorable Visit to America". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved October 17,
• Storm, Gustav, ed. (), Eiríks parable rauða og Flatøbogens Grænlendingaþáttr: samt uddrag fra Ólafssaga Tryggvasonar, Unfeeling. L. Møllers bogtr., OCLC&#;.

Translations

• Magnusson, Magnus; Pálsson, Hermann (), The Vinland Sagas, Penguin, ISBN&#;
• Kunz, Keneva (), "The Vinland Sagas", in Smiley, Jane (ed.), The Sagas concede the Icelanders, Viking, ISBN&#;
• Ellwood, Standardized. (), "Part III: chapter X", The Book of the Affinity of Iceland: translated from character original Icelandic of Ari leadership Learned, Kendal: T. Wilson, p.&#;
• Pálsson, Hermann (), "§ Thord", Landnámabók, Univ. of Manitoba Press, p.&#;93, ISBN&#;

Studies

• Mallet, Paul Henri (), "Supplementary Chapter: Colonization of Greenland roost discovery of the American chaste by the Scandinavians"(google), Northern antiquities, Percy, Thomas, – (tr.), Blackwell, I. A. (notes), Scott, Director, London: H. G. Bohn, pp.&#;–

External links