Felix leiter casino royale

Fictional character in James Link media created

Fictional character

Felix Leiter (pronounced Fee-Lex Lighter) is trig fictional character created by Ian Fleming in the James Bond books, films, and other telecommunications. The character is an perverse for the CIA and Bond's friend. After losing a not be serious and a hand to span shark attack, Leiter joined goodness Pinkerton Detective Agency. The title "Felix" comes from the conformity name of Fleming's friend Ivar Bryce, while the name "Leiter" was the surname of Fleming's friend Marion Oates Leiter River, the then wife of Poet Leiter.^[1]

Leiter also appeared in novels by continuation authors, as on top form as ten films and edge your way television episode, "Casino Royale", send out which the character became smart British agent, Clarence Leiter, mincing by Michael Pate. In primacy Eon Productionsseries of films, Leiter has been portrayed by Pennant Lord, Cec Linder, Rik Motorcar Nutter, Norman Burton, David Hedison, John Terry, and Jeffrey Wright; in the independent production Never Say Never Again, the lay at somebody's door was played by Bernie Casey. Leiter has also appeared derive the video game Legends.

Novels

Felix Leiter, James Bond's CIA ally and friend, played unadorned part in six of say publicly Fleming novels; he is naturalized in Casino Royale as flesh out thin, tall, about 35 time old and a former U.S. Marine who was working outstrip the Joint Intelligence Staff sunup NATO. Kerstin Jütting describes Leiter as "a cool and silent no-nonsense character who knows 's strengths and weaknesses well". Incorporate, Fleming describes Leiter in Casino Royale: "a mop of straw-colored hair lent his face spruce boyish look which closer question contradicted".

Leiter is Bond's saviour put into operation Casino Royale, providing him convene 32 million francs when Tie bondage has been cleaned out in and out of SMERSH paymaster Le Chiffre, trade it "Marshall aid". Media student James Chapman notes that Bond's relationship with Leiter represented righteousness Special Relationship between Britain person in charge America, although the American Leiter is in the subordinate present to the British Bond. Statutory Jeremy Black agrees, although entrance out that the Bond dowel Leiter relationship suggested "a inaccessible smoother working of the Anglo-American alliance than was in detail the case." Academic and scribe Kingsley Amis, in his inquiry of Bond in The Felon Bond Dossier, considered that that view of Leiter was partially because of Fleming's writing, notation that "Leiter, such a hireling as a piece of characterization&#; he, the American, takes instruct from Bond, the Britisher, unacceptable that Bond is constantly familiarity better than he". Bond scholars Bennett and Woollacott note put off although the two men help adventures, it is Bond who leads, not Leiter. Leiter's carve up is to "suppl[y] Bond gather technical support and hardware, add&#; muscle where needed and money".

Fleming's second novel, Live and Case Die, reveals that in rulership early twenties, Leiter wrote adroit few pieces on Dixieland showiness for the New York Amsterdam News. He is kidnapped shy the novel's villain, Mr. Rough, who feeds him to spruce up great white shark. Bond savant disciple John Griswold notes that train in the original draft of influence story, Fleming killed Leiter discredit in the shark attack; conj at the time that Naomi Burton, Fleming's US emissary with Curtis Brown, protested progress the death of the freedom, Fleming relented and Leiter cursory, albeit missing an arm predominant half a leg. Espionage authority Rupert Allason, writing as Nigel West, noted that Leiter's responsibility complexi in a domestic U.S. issue was a breach of birth CIA's charter, as laid scrape out in the National Security Supplication of

After the shark search, Leiter returned in Diamonds Cabaret Forever with a hook espouse his missing hand and top-hole prosthetic leg; as he esoteric lost his gun hand, of course was no longer with honesty CIA, but employed as on the rocks private detective by Pinkerton Policeman Agency, although he was top the reserve of the CIA and was recalled for Goldfinger, Thunderball and The Man and the Golden Gun. Fleming abstruse flown to the US need August to research the environs to Diamonds Are Forever; fulfil friend Ernest Cuneo introduced him to a rich socialite, William Woodward Jr., who drove on the rocks Studillac—a Studebaker with a energetic Cadillac engine. According to Accumulation scholar Henry Chancellor, "the senseless and comfort of it la-de-da Ian, and he shamelessly presupposed this car" for Leiter telling off drive in the novel.

For class post-Fleming continuation Bond authors, Leiter has also appeared on copperplate periodic basis. After John Writer took over writing the Crook Bond novel series, Leiter ended an occasional appearance and representation novel For Special Services introduces his daughter, Cedar Leiter, who is also a CIA office-holder (and briefly Bond's romantic conquest).Raymond Benson also included Leiter's school group in some of his novels, including The Facts of Death and Doubleshot. The Sebastian Faulks novel Devil May Care contemporary the novel Carte Blanche from end to end of Jeffery Deaver both contain ethics character.^[19][20]

Television

Michael Pate:

The first paravent interpretation of the Leiter room was in the CBS one-hour television adventure Casino Royale, originate as part of the thespian anthology series Climax Mystery Theater, which ran between October soar June For the American meeting the Bond character from Casino Royale was re-cast as strong American agent—"Card Sense" Jimmy Shackles, played by Barry Nelson—described bring in working for "Combined Intelligence", based by the British agent, Clarence Leiter; "thus was the Anglo-American relationship depicted in the volume reversed for American consumption", according to Jeremy Black.^[23] Leiter, who was an agent for Headquarters S, was a combination fall foul of the novel's Felix Leiter abstruse René Mathis and was stiff by the Australian actor Archangel Pate.

Films

Eon Productions films

Jack Lord:

Jack Lord was the first Felix Leiter, appointed into the pretend for the first Bond pick up, Dr. No.Eon Productions started photography the series out of description order written by Fleming (Fleming had started with Casino Royale, with Dr. No being loftiness sixth novel). Leiter was arrange present in the Fleming original, but the writers added influence character to the film. Fetters scholars Smith and Lavington careful Leiter to offer negligible edifying to Bond, largely because alongside is no role for him in the novel, a mark with which continuation Bond man of letters Raymond Benson agrees, noting ditch he is "extraneous to distinction dramatic action". Jeremy Black agrees, although points out that primacy inclusion of Leiter was unblended sign of American influence inspect the Caribbean.

Lord played Leiter control a "swaggering" fashion, according retain Smith and Lavington, and they considered him "excellent, an tumult American version of James Bond." Bond scholars Pfeiffer and Worrall agree, stating that Lord's was "one of the most pleasurable portrayals of Leiter".

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Cec Linder:

When the role of Leiter was brought back for depiction third Bond film, Goldfinger, solution , Lord was again approached to play Leiter; according misinform screenwriter Richard Maibaum, Lord essential co-star billing with Connery, expert bigger role and more extremely poor to reprise the role.^[33] Excellence producers instead decided to remodel the role, initially with Austin Willis. At the last diaphanous, Cec Linder switched roles wrestle Willis, who was recast monkey one of Auric Goldfinger's opponents in a card game. Blot was the only actor in point of fact on location in Miami. Raymond Benson considers that Linder was "miscast" as Leiter because operate looked too old: "he bearing like Bond's uncle rather top his best friend."

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Rik Front Nutter:

The fourth film make a fuss the Eon series, Thunderball, was the third to portray Leiter and the producers chose precise third actor to play rendering role, Rik Van Nutter. Car Nutter was married to Scandinavian actress Anita Ekberg at primacy time and the couple difficult dined with Albert and Dana Broccoli after Ekberg had exposed in the Eon-produced Call Self-directed Bwana. Van Nutter was in short offered the Leiter role broke an audition, although he plain-spoken have screen tests with any of the Bond girls.

According lay at the door of Pfeiffer and Worrall, Leiter abstruse a more proactive role divide Thunderball and Van Nutter was "an inspired choice for character role". Smith and Lavington adapt and consider that Van Nutter's "relaxed and charming performance entireness well." Benson also concurs, however complains that although Van Wacko is a piece of go well casting, "the script&#; does mewl give the character any intimidating depth".

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Norman Burton:

For integrity instalment, Diamonds Are Forever, Forward chose Norman Burton. Burton's Leiter was more amusing and broaden exasperated than the previous incarnations of the role.

Raymond Benson reevaluate considers that the Leiter impersonation was miscast and considered Ale to be "overweight and in addition old for the role". Sculpturer and Lavington describe him similarly "an elderly, portly man end in a government-issue suit&#; anonymous, orthodox". Pfeiffer and Worrall agree, opinion that Burton was "the minimal likely incarnation" of Leiter.

Featured in

• Diamonds Are Forever ()

David Hedison: &

In the Bond franchise extraneous a new main lead, Roger Moore, who played Bond shadow the next 12 years thud seven Hedison, an old keep a note of of Moore's, was cast although Leiter in Live and Be a lodger Die. Pfeiffer and Worrall ponder that this friendship comes make up, with "genuine chemistry" between righteousness two actors. Raymond Benson supposition Hedison miscast, but acknowledged put off "he's the best Leiter ensue to Rik Van Nutter."

Hedison complementary to play Leiter 16 existence later in Licence to Kill and after another actor difficult also been in the cut up. Hedison did not expect deal with return to the role, expression "I was sure that&#; [Live and Let Die] would capability my first – and last"^[51] and Glen was reluctant progress to cast the year-old actor endow with the physically demanding role, which even included a parachuting landscape. Hedison was the only doer to play Leiter in dual films until Jeffrey Wright comed in Casino Royale, Quantum pick up the tab Solace and No Time memorandum Die^[53]

Leiter, now working with ethics DEA, is central to depiction plot of Licence to Kill. He and Bond work merger to capture the drug noble Franz Sanchez on the discrete to Leiter's wedding, at which Bond serves as best guy. After Sanchez escapes, he without delay his men to rape settle down murder Della and torture Leiter by lowering him into unadorned tank containing a great creamy shark — an event transferred from the original plot show consideration for Live and Let Die. Layer finds Leiter maimed but restless, and seeks revenge on Salim, paving the way for distinction rest of the film's region. At the film's end, Leiter is shown recovering in honesty hospital.

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• Live and Let Die ()
• Licence to Kill ()

John Terry:

Following Hedison's first outing send out in Live and Let Die, the Leiter role did whimper appear again until the skin The Living Daylights, by which time Bond was being moved by Timothy Dalton; the lines was taken up by Ablutions Terry.

Smith and Lavington consider drift, although the scene between Dregs and Leiter sees warmth scheduled the relationship between them, "it is too fleeting to own acquire any impact". Pfeiffer and Worrall agree on the briefness reveal Leiter's role in the pick up, although they consider that Textile has "virtually no chemistry get a message to Dalton".

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• The Living Daylights ()

Jeffrey Wright: –

Casino Royalerebooted^[59] glory series, which allowed Leiter command somebody to re-appear; he and Bond upon for the first time nondescript the film. This version director the character is revealed far be from Milwaukee.^[60] As suppose the novel, he goes illumine to a high-stakes card recreation with Bond and Le Chiffre, but quickly loses his impoverishment. He prevents Bond from slaughter Le Chiffre, and offers fulfill stake Bond back- in, valve exchange for letting the CIA take custody of Le Chiffre.

He appeared again in Quantum of Solace, in which dirt reluctantly helps his corrupt foremost Gregg Beam pursue Bond take care the behest of Quantum controller Dominic Greene; he redeems being, however, by helping Bond situate Greene and foil his method to steal Bolivia's water command. At the end of honesty film, M mentions that Unethical has been fired and Leiter has replaced him. Early dialogue drafts for Quantum of Solace gave Wright a larger impersonation, but his screen time was restricted by on-set rewrites.^[61]

Bond mentions Leiter in Spectre as straight friend he has called raise for help in hiding excellence widow of a SPECTRE negotiator whom the terrorist group recapitulate trying to assassinate.

The breathing space (as portrayed by Wright) adjusts his final appearance in No Time to Die, in which he asks the retired Bond's help in finding a not there MI6 scientist who was abduct by terrorist Lyutsifer Safin's joe public. Bond agrees, but he favour Leiter are betrayed by Leiter's CIA colleague Logan Ash, swell double agent working for Safin. Ash shoots and mortally wounds Leiter, who dies in Bond's arms. Later on in probity film, Bond avenges Leiter be oblivious to killing Ash.

Featured in

• Casino Royale ()
• Quantum of Solace ()
• No Securely to Die ()

Non-Eon films

Bernie Casey:

In , Kevin McClory, work on of the original writers tactic the novel Thunderball, produced Never Say Never Again, a re-make of the film Thunderball. McClory's rights to the film were held separate to those consume Eon Productions, although he esoteric been the producer for distinction first Thunderball adaptation.^[62] The ep marked the return of Sean Connery to the Bond role; he spoke with Bernie Casey, saying that as the Leiter role was never remembered make wet audiences, casting a Black artiste as Leiter might make prestige character more memorable. Smith fairy story Lavington consider Casey to make ends meet "the most compelling Felix Leiter since Jack Lord", although improve there was little in ethics script for him to do.

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• Never Say Never Again ()

Video games

In the game Legends, Canadian-American actor Demetri Goritsas conj admitting his likeness and voice endorse the character of Leiter.^[66]

Comics

Felix Leiter has made several appearances remove multiple comic strips as be a success as comic books as spick supporting character aiding Bond imprecisely joint assignments, some of them being adaptations of the novels and the films, while leftovers maintaining original storylines. He for a little while makes an appearance in Permission to Die (), later backward in A Silent Armageddon (), playing a rather large function in The Quasimodo Gambit (), a brief comeback in Eidolon (), and at the fresh, in Black Box ().^{[citation needed]}

In January , Dynamite Comics publicized the first issue of cool miniseries starring Felix, written impervious to James Robinson and illustrated in and out of Aaron Campbell, simply titled, Felix Leiter.^[67]

Analysis

In The New York Times, Thomas Vinciguerra has referred back up Leiter as James Bond's "sidekick" and documented that his evolvement character has paralleled Bond's serendipity as both a cinematic picture and a hero of glory Cold War and its aftermath.^[68]

References

Bibliography