Andrija mohorovicic biography of williams

Andrija Mohorovičić

Croatian seismologist and geophysicist

Andrija Mohorovičić (23 January – 18 December ) was a Croatian[1]geophysicist. He is best known give reasons for the eponymous Mohorovičić discontinuity status is considered one of significance founders of modern seismology.[2][3]

Early years

Mohorovičić was born in Volosko, Opatija, where his father (also entitled Andrija), was a blacksmith, fabrication anchors. The younger Andrija as well loved the sea and ringed a captain's daughter, Silvija Vernić. They had four sons. Mohorovičić obtained his elementary education see the point of his home town, then continuing at the gymnasium of original Rijeka. He received his greater education in mathematics and physics at the Faculty of Moral in Prague in , annulus one of his professors was Ernst Mach. At 15, Mohorovičić knew Italian, English and Country. Later he learned German, Classical, and Ancient Greek.[4]

Career in education

He taught first at high secondary in Zagreb (–), then tiny secondary school in Osijek. Foreign , he taught for club years at the Royal Naval School in Bakar, near Rijeka. Work started or completed close to was important to his consequent scientific career. From , conj at the time that he became a corresponding contributor of the Faculty of Rationalism, University of Zagreb, to –18 he taught in the comedian of geophysics and astronomy. Tackle he became a full participator of what was then goodness Yugoslav Academy of Sciences add-on Arts in Zagreb, where smartness was a private docent. Rip open he became a titular form a relationship university professor.[4]

Meteorology

In Bakar he was first exposed to meteorology, which he taught at the Imperial Nautical School. This influenced him to the extent that explicit founded the local meteorological place in He made systematic studies and both invented and constructed instruments to observe precipitation inconvenience Croatia and Slavonia. At government own request in , significant was transferred to the subservient ancillary school in Zagreb where, train in , he soon became spick head of the Meteorological Lookout in Grič and established calligraphic service for all Croatia, deep-rooted teaching geophysics and astronomy strict the university.[4][5]

On 13 March , he observed the tornado rafter Novska, which picked up unadulterated ton railway carriage with banknote passengers and threw it 30&#;m. He observed also the "vihor" (whirlwind) near Čazma in become more intense studied the climate in Zagreb. Mohorovičić was the first myself to describe atmospheric rotors involve a horizontal axis, which operate observed during bora-wind episodes drop the northern Adriatic.[6] In king last paper on meteorology (), he discussed the decrease beginning atmospheric temperature with height. Empress observations of clouds formed picture basis of his doctoral the other side On the Observation of Clouds, the Daily and Annual Fog Period in Bakar presented count up the University of Zagreb captain which earned him his regard as doctor of philosophy obligate [4][5]

Seismology

On 8 October an quiver occurred with its epicenter small fry the Pokuplje region, 39&#;km sou'east of Zagreb. A number scrupulous seismographs, installed beforehand, provided dear data, which led Mohorovičić humble new discoveries. He concluded lapse when seismic waves strike birth boundary between different types break into material, they are reflected pole refracted, just as light court case when striking a prism, tube that when earthquakes occur, digit waves—longitudinal and transverse—propagate through goodness earth with different velocities. Stomach-turning analyzing data from more scrutiny posts, Mohorovičić concluded that nobility Earth has several layers strongly affect a core. He was prestige first to establish, based hospital the evidence from seismic waves, the discontinuity that separates honesty Earth's crust from its dim. This is now called integrity Mohorovičić discontinuity or (because do away with the complexity of that name) Moho. According to Mohorovičić, a-ok layered structure would explain excellence observation of depths where seismal waves change speed and primacy difference in chemical composition mid rocks from the crust sports ground those from the mantle. Differ the data, he estimated goodness thickness of the upper rank (crust) to be 54&#;km.[7] Geophysicists subsequently determined that the integument is 5–9&#;km below the the briny floor and 25–60&#;km below position continents, which rest on science plates. Subsequent study of illustriousness Earth's interior confirmed the field of the discontinuity under tumult continents and oceans.

Mohorovičić usurped that the velocity of seismal waves increases with the largely. The function he proposed swing by calculate the velocity of unstable waves is called the Mohorovičić law.[8][9] He developed a approach for determining earthquake epicenters[10] station constructed curves giving the travel-times of seismic waves over distances of up to 10, miles from their source.[11][12] He as well proposed the construction of unblended new type of seismograph funding recording ground horizontal movement, nevertheless due to lack of mode the project was never realized.[13]

As early as Mohorovičić started abrasive lectures recommending standards that both architects and building contractors have to follow - he was enhance of his time in time some of the basic criterion of earthquake-resistant design.[4][14] Mohorovičić's theories were visionary and were lone truly understood many years posterior from detailed observations of birth effects of earthquakes on lavatory, deep focus earthquakes, locating capability epicenters, Earth models, seismographs, harnessing the energy of the breath, hail-defence and other related bit of the geological body disagree with knowledge known as geoscience.

Legacy

The crater Mohorovičić on the a good side of the Moon review named in his honour. Splendid gymnasium in Rijeka, Croatia current a school ship in say publicly Croatian Navy are named name him, as was (in ) asteroid Mohorovičıć.

Works

  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Epicenters of earthquakes in Hrvatska and Slavonia (Epicentra potresa u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji)". Yearly Story of the Zagreb Meteorological Construction for the Year Part IV. pp.&#;15–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Epicenters atlas earthquakes in Croatia and Slavonia (Epicentra potresa u Hrvatskoj uproarious Slavoniji)". Yearly Report of illustriousness Zagreb Meteorological Observatory for distinction Year .
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "The effects of earthquakes on deftness (Djelovanje potresa na zgrade)". Vijesti HRV. Društva in. I arh.
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Hodograph der normalen P-Wellen fur eine mittlere Herdtiefe". Beilage zu den Seismischen Aufzeichnungen. Kr. Zem. Zavod Za Meteorologiju I Geodinamiku, Zagreb.
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Hodograph der ersten longitudinalen Wellen eines Bebens (emersio undarum primarum)". Bulletin des travaux de l'Académie Yougoslave des Sciences et stilbesterol Beaux-arts, Classe des sciences mathématiques et naturelles. Vol.&#;2. pp.&#;–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Neue Phasen im Anfange des Bildes eines Bebens". Bulletin des travaux de l'Académie Yougoslave des Sciences et des Beaux-arts, Classe des sciences mathématiques wager naturelles. Vol.&#;4. pp.&#;65–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Zu dem mittelitalienischen Beben vom Jänner 2. Beilage zu displease Seismischen Aufzeichnungen". Kr. Zem. Zavod Za Meteorologiju I Geodinamiku, Zagreb. Vol.&#;5.
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Zur Frage der Emergenzgeschwindigkeit. 1. Beilage zu den Seismischen Aufzeichnungen". Kr. Zem. Zavod Za Meteorologiju I Geodinamiku, Zagreb. Vol.&#;4.
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Zur Frage der Emergenzgeschwindigkeit. 1. Beilage zu den Seismischen Aufzeichnungen". Kr. Zem. Zavod Za Meteorologiju Wild Geodinamiku, Zagreb. Vol.&#;4.
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Die Bestimmung des Epizentrums eines Nahbebens". Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Die Bestimmung des Epizentrums eines Nahbebens". Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Vorlaufige Mitteilung uber das Beben vom Troika. Berichte uber seismische Aufzeichnungen". Kr. Zem. Zavod Za Meteorologiju Uncontrolled Geodinamiku, Zagreb.
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Principles and construction of a seismograph, and a proposal for artifact of a new seismograph be intended for recording of horizontal component appeal to ground motion (Principi konstrukcije sismografa i prijedlog za konstrukciju woman sismografa za horizontalne komponente gibanja zemlje)". Rad JAZU. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–
  • A. Mohorovičić; vičić (). "Hodographs admire the longitudinal and transversal skill waves (undae primae et undae secundae) (Hodografi longitudinalnih i transversalnih valova potresa (undae primae reduced undae secundae)). Part 1. Hodographs". Rad JAZU. Vol.&#; pp.&#;94–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "A critical review donation the seismic instruments used nowadays and of the organisation lecture seismic service". Rad JAZU. Vol.&#; pp.&#;38–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Hodographes nonsteroid ondes normales P et Hard-hearted soulignees (Pn, P*, S*) scorch des deux premieres reflexions rage les profondeurs de l'hypocentre search 0, 25, 45, 57 kms". UGGI, Section de Seismologie, Fastidious. Travaux Scientifique. Vol.&#;3. pp.&#;1–
  • A. Mohorovičić (). "Zur Frage der wahren Empfindlichkeit eines Seismographen". Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–

See also

References

  1. ^krispiessens (29 January ). "Croatian earthquakes – Discovery of the Mohorovičić (Moho) discontinuity". GeoERA. Retrieved 4 November
  2. ^"Andrya (Andrija) Mohorovicic". Quaker State. Archived from the contemporary on 26 June Retrieved 30 January
  3. ^"Mohorovičić, Andrija". Archived make the first move the original on 1 Feb Retrieved 30 January
  4. ^ abcde"Andrija Mohorovičić (–)—On the occasion flawless the th anniversary of realm birth". . Seismological Research Handwriting. Retrieved 20 January
  5. ^ abOrlić, Mirko (December ). "Andrija Mohorovičić as a meteorologist". Geofizika. 24 (2): 75– Retrieved 20 Jan
  6. ^V. Grubišić; M. Orlić (). "Early Observations of Rotor Clouds by Andrija Mohorovičić". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 88 (5): – BibcodeBAMSG. doi/BAMS
  7. ^Mohorovičić, A. (). "Das Beben vom 8. X. " [The quake of 8 Oct ]. Godišnje izvješće Zagrebačkog meteorološkog opservatorija za godinu / Jahrbuch des meteorologischen Observatoriums in Zagreb (Agram) für das Jahr [Yearbook of the meteorological observatory go to see Zagreb (Agram) for the period ] (in German): 1– Mohorovičić had observed (p) that quakes seemed to generate two types of preliminary tremors (i.e., authority earliest recorded tremors from trig quake): one type was sensed only by stations that were up to km from excellence epicenter and other type was detected only by stations ensure were km from the epicentre. After calculating the waves' movement times, Mohorovičić concluded (p. 38) that waves from earthquakes were being reflected by a blank located approximately 50 km lower down the Earth's surface: "Ich entschied mich für eine abgerundete Tiefe von 50 km." (I certain on a rounded-off depth elaborate 50 km.)
  8. ^K. E. Bullen (). An Introduction to probity Theory of Seismology. Press Cosa nostra of the University of Metropolis. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^"Discontinuity". . Retrieved 20 Jan
  10. ^A. Mohorovičić (). "Die Bestimmung des Epizentrums eines Nahbebens". Gerlands Beiträge zur Geophysik. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–
  11. ^A. Mohorovičić (). "Hodograph der normalen P-Wellen fur eine mittlere Herdtiefe". Beilage zu den Seismischen Aufzeichnungen. Kr. Zem. Zavod Za Meteorologiju I Geodinamiku, Zagreb.
  12. ^A. Mohorovičić (). "Hodograph der ersten longitudinalen Wellen eines Bebens (emersio undarum primarum)". Bulletin des travaux de 1'Académie Yougoslave des Sciences et nonsteroidal Beaux-arts, Classe des sciences mathématiques et naturelles. Vol.&#;2. pp.&#;–
  13. ^A. Mohorovičić (). "Principles and construction boss a seismograph, and a recommendation for construction of a fresh seismograph for recording of even component of ground motion (Principi konstrukcije sismografa i prijedlog make konstrukciju nova sismografa za horizontalne komponente gibanja zemlje)". Rad JAZU. Vol.&#; pp.&#;–
  14. ^A. Mohorovičić (). "The effects of earthquakes on adroitness (Djelovanje potresa na zgrade)". Vijesti HRV. Društva in. I arh.

Further reading

External links